Capital: Atlanta

Governor: Roy E. Barnes, D (to Jan. 2003)

Lieut. Governor: Mark Taylor, D (to Jan. 2003)

Senators: Max Cleland, D (to Jan. 2003); Zell Miller, D (to Jan. 2005)

Secy. of State: Cathy Cox, D (to Jan. 2003)

Insurance Commissioner: John Oxendine, R (to Jan. 2003)

Atty. General: Thurbert Baker, D (to Jan. 2003)

Entered Union (rank): Jan. 2, 1788 (4)

Present constitution adopted: 1977

Motto: Wisdom, justice, and moderation

State Symbols

Hernando de Soto, the Spanish explorer, first traveled parts of Georgia in 1540. British claims later conflicted with those of Spain. After obtaining a royal charter, Gen. James Oglethorpe established the first permanent settlement in Georgia in 1733 as a refuge for English debtors. In 1742, Oglethorpe defeated Spanish invaders in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

A Confederate stronghold, Georgia was the scene of extensive military action during the Civil War. Union General William T. Sherman burned Atlanta and destroyed a 60-mile-wide path to the coast, where he captured Savannah in 1864.
The largest state east of the Mississippi, Georgia is typical of the changing South with an ever-increasing industrial development. Atlanta, largest city in the state, is the communications and transportation center for the Southeast and the area's chief distributor of goods.

Georgia leads the nation in the production of paper and board, tufted textile products, and processed chicken. Other major manufactured products are transportation equipment, food products, apparel, and chemicals.
Important agricultural products are corn, cotton, tobacco, soybeans, eggs, and peaches. Georgia produces twice as many peanuts as the next leading state. From its vast stands of pine come more than half of the world's resins and turpentine and 74.4 percent of the U.S. supply. Georgia is a leader in the production of marble, kaolin, barite, and bauxite.

Principal tourist attractions in Georgia include the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Andersonville Prison Park and National Cemetery, Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, the Little White House at Warm Springs where Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt died in 1945, Sea Island, the enormous Confederate Memorial at Stone Mountain, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Cumberland Island National Seashore.

Nicknames: Peach State, Empire State of the South

Origin of name: In honor of George II of England10

10 largest cities (2000): Atlanta, 416,474; Augusta-Richmond County1, 199,775; Columbus1, 186,291; Savannah, 131,510; Athens-Clarke County, 101,489; Macon1, 97,255; Roswell, 79,334; Albany, 76,939; Marietta, 58,748; Warner Robins, 48,804

Land area: 57,919 sq mi. (150,010 sq km)

Geographic center: In Twiggs Co., 18 mi. SE of Macon

Number of counties: 159

Largest county by population and area: Fulton, 816,006 (2000); Ware, 903 sq mi.

State forests: 25,258,000 ac. (67% of total state area)

State parks: 53 (42,600 ac.)

Residents: Georgian

2000 resident census population (rank): 6,478,216 (10).
Male: 4,027,113 (49.2%); Female: 4,159,340 (50.8%). White: 5,327,281 (65.1%); Black: 2,349,542 (28.7%); American Indian: 21,737 (0.3%); Asian: 173,170 (2.1%); Other race: 196,289 (2.4%); Two or more races: 114,188 (1.4%); Hispanic/Latino: 435,227 (5.3%). 2000 percent population 18 and over: 73.5; 65 and over: 9.6; median age: 33.4.